In chronic renal disease, blood pressure may rise due to what mechanism?

In chronic renal disease, blood pressure may rise due to what mechanism?

• A. Fluid retention with increased renin and angiotensin II causing vasoconstriction
• B. Decreased renin production
• C. Reduced stroke volume
• D. Lower peripheral resistance

Answer: (A)

In chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure often arises from fluid buildup paired with activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Damaged kidneys struggle to excrete sodium and water, so extracellular fluid volume increases and so does blood volume. That extra volume raises arterial pressure. At the same time, reduced kidney perfusion triggers renin release, kicking off angiotensin II formation. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels and promotes aldosterone release, which increases sodium and water reabsorption. The result is both higher vascular resistance and greater circulating volume, pushing blood pressure upward. The other options don’t fit because decreased renin would lower RAAS activity, reduced stroke volume tends to lower blood pressure, and lower peripheral resistance would also lower blood pressure.

In chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure often arises from fluid buildup paired with activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Damaged kidneys struggle to excrete sodium and water, so extracellular fluid volume increases and so does blood volume. That extra volume raises arterial pressure. At the same time, reduced kidney perfusion triggers renin release, kicking off angiotensin II formation. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels and promotes aldosterone release, which increases sodium and water reabsorption. The result is both higher vascular resistance and greater circulating volume, pushing blood pressure upward. The other options don’t fit because decreased renin would lower RAAS activity, reduced stroke volume tends to lower blood pressure, and lower peripheral resistance would also lower blood pressure.